Literature has long served as a bridge between cultures, transcending borders and fostering understanding. In a recent exchange of gifts between Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India and President Joe Biden of the United States, the power of literature was exemplified. (Modi visited USA from June 21 to June 23 in 2023). Among the notable gifts exchanged were ‘The Ten Principal Upanishads,’ co-authored by William Butler Yeats, and a signed first edition copy of ‘Collected Poems of Robert Frost.’ This exchange not only showcased the personal connections between these renowned poets and their respective countries but also symbolized the deepening relationship between India and the USA.
Let’s take a closer look at the two great poets whose works were exchanged by the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the Bidens.
Robert Frost
W.B. Yeats
(Robert Frost (1874-1963):
Robert Frost was an American poet known for his introspective, pastoral verses that captured the essence of rural New England. Born in San Francisco, Frost’s early life was marked by personal and professional challenges. He faced numerous rejections and setbacks before achieving recognition as a poet.
Frost’s poetry reflects a deep connection to nature and the human experience. His writing often explores themes of choice, identity, isolation, and the complexities of life. Frost’s poems are characterized by their conversational tone, vivid imagery, and profound insights into the human condition.
Some of Frost’s most notable works include “The Road Not Taken,” “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” “Mending Wall,” and “Birches.” His poetry received widespread acclaim and popularity, earning him numerous accolades, including four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry.
William Butler Yeats (1865-1939):
William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet, playwright, and one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century. Born in Dublin, Ireland, Yeats developed a deep fascination with Irish mythology, folklore, and the occult. His early poetry was influenced by the Romantic and Pre-Raphaelite movements, but he later delved into more complex and symbolic themes.
Yeats’s literary career was marked by several phases. In his early years, he focused on romantic and nationalistic poetry, exploring themes of love, beauty, and Irish identity. As he matured, his work delved into mysticism, spirituality, and the interplay between the physical and spiritual realms. He co-founded the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, which played a vital role in promoting Irish literary and dramatic traditions.
Some of Yeats’s most renowned works include “The Lake Isle of Innisfree,” “The Second Coming,” “Easter, 1916,” and “Sailing to Byzantium.” He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1923 for his profound poetic achievements and contributions to Irish culture and literature. Yeats’s poetry continues to be celebrated for its evocative language, rich imagery, and exploration of profound philosophical and metaphysical questions.
Bound by Poetry: The Mutual Admiration and Friendship of Robert Frost and W.B. Yeats.
Despite not having met in person, their correspondence and shared interests, such as a profound connection to nature and a fascination with the occult, created a bond that enriched their poetic journeys.
While there is no documented encounter between them, their letters reveal a deep respect and admiration for one another’s poetic genius. In a 1913 letter to Frost, Yeats expressed his admiration, stating, “I have been reading your poems with great admiration, and I think you are one of the most original poets of our time.” Frost, in turn, responded with gratitude, acknowledging Yeats’ influence, saying, “I am very grateful for your kind words about my work. I have long admired your poetry, and I am honoured to be considered your friend.”
Interestingly, their poetic endeavours also influenced each other’s works. Yeats’ poem “Choice” is often regarded as a response to Frost’s “The Road Not Taken,” delving into themes of decision-making and the complexities of life’s diverging paths. Frost, in turn, drew inspiration from Yeats’ “The Wild Swans at Coole” when crafting his celebrated poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” which masterfully captures the beauty of nature amidst the contemplation of life’s obligations.
President Biden, an admirer of Yeats’ works, has often quoted him in his speeches. Yeats’ love for India and his fascination with Indian spirituality are well-documented. In 1937, Yeats collaborated with Shri Purohit Swami through letters to publish an English translation of the Upanishads, reflecting his deep admiration for Indian philosophy.
By gifting President Biden, a first edition print of ‘The Ten Principal Upanishads,’ PM Modi not only acknowledged President Biden’s affinity for Yeats but also highlighted the shared admiration between Yeats and India. This literary gift serves as a reminder of the cultural and philosophical connections that can transcend geographical boundaries.
Frost’s India Connection:
Frost’s renowned poem, “The Road Not Taken,” has been translated into Hindi and is often used metaphorically in India to explore the choices individuals make in life. Frost’s work shows influences from Eastern philosophy. In particular, he was drawn to the Hindu concept of karma, the Buddhist concept of emptiness, and the Taoist concept of wu wei. He also expressed a deep attraction to the Indian spirit, which he saw as being characterized by a sense of peace, simplicity, and interconnectedness. This subtle connection between Frost and India highlights the power of literature to transcend borders and inspire individuals across cultures.
In the midst of the Indo-China War, Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, discovered solace and inspiration in Robert Frost’s renowned poem, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” Nehru held a deep affection for Frost’s poetry, and this particular piece resonated profoundly with him during a time of great challenge and uncertainty in India’s history.
The final four lines of the poem, which emphasized the significance of honoring commitments and persevering despite obstacles, became an enduring reminder for Nehru:
“The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.”
The poem’s message of duty and resilience became a source of strength, guiding Nehru through the tumultuous times and inspiring hope for a brighter future.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the exchange of gifts between Prime Minister Modi and President Biden served as a meaningful symbol of goodwill and cultural appreciation. This gesture underscored the significance of nurturing strong international relationships through the arts and literature. Each gift was thoughtfully selected to embody shared interests and values between the two nations, while also reflecting the personal connections between the leaders and the esteemed poets whose works were exchanged.
Looking ahead, the future of the India-US relationship appears promising. With numerous shared interests, the two countries are actively collaborating to tackle global challenges together. The exchange of gifts not only signifies the deep bond between India and the US but also holds promise for future cooperation and partnership. As both nations continue to strengthen their ties, the prospects for a fruitful and collaborative relationship are bright.